Today, while reading the usual Facebook diversions one of my friends Susan Katz Keating, posted a link to her blog page http://www.susankatzkeating.com/2014/01/echoes-of-vietnam-spitting-on-soldiers.html?spref=fb in which she describes a Facebook post from a woman talking about the US military today.
This is interesting to read and on Susan's Facebook page (and blogsite) there are a number of vehement reactions to what this woman said.
Now, personally, this has a touch of unreality to it and IMHO I suspect it is right-wing baiting. This obviously touches a nerve with many people on the further right of the US. The so called, Patriots, a sector of American society who believe deeply in truth, justice, and the American Way. Many are what they say and are unbelievably naive. Many are sociopaths and end up in the police or the military and many just are sitting on the fence post pissed off at the world.
Let's then play Devil's Advocate and assume that this woman's post is real and that it represents a viewpoint held by many Americans. If this is the case, then there is a big disconnect from those serving (or who
have served) and the rest of the population. Less than 10% (24.6
million veterans) of Americans have ever served in the military.
Currently only 1% of the US population are on active duty. She is correct though in that of the total military force a relative few typically have seen action, that is up until the second Iraq conflict. Now everyone in the Theater of Operations is at significant risk and there are no real or effective safe zones.
Everyone serving in the US military since
1975 has been a volunteer and can be rationally viewed as mercenaries, or
"professional" soldiers so there is another disconnect from the rest of
society. She is right though that a vast majority joined the US military to get out of
whatever horrible circumstances they were living in or to get a large
enlistment bonus. Not all, but many are also true patriots, in the right wing sense of the word. However, most
Americans now don't trust the government, and many believe it is a bona fide police
state so by extension the military are government actors acting against
Americans. She is also right we are fighting zero legally declared wars.
The War on Terrorism is not a legally declared war. In fact we have committed so many atrocities against the Geneva Convention we should realistically be held accountable in the International War Crimes Tribunal but that cannot happen as the US has never signed or ratified that particular treaty. But, we do have people firing
at and receiving fire from "enemy" combatants in at least 7 countries
today.
Most Americans are super pissed that we keep spending trillions
on extremely expensive military hardware (12 new aircraft carriers, $1
Trillion for F-35 [defective] fighters, 35 (down from 55) new useless and defective Littoral
Combat Ships, 2,400 new M1 tanks the Army has repeatedly stated it doesn't want or need, and we have over 1,700 bases overseas. Many are small but just this number indicates the extent of the American aggression around the world.
This is all while many Americans have seen their incomes and savings
disappear. Anyway, it is a big PR problem and getting worse. I used to
think my Tricare Overseas (Military Retiree Medical plan) was the worst possible health care in America.
Now, since Obamacare, I can see it is among the best.
So, the problems
regarding political and social views of Americans have come full circle
back to the Vietnam days when the military was hated. How many Congressman's kids are in the
service these days and how many people in government have ever served?
This is a problem already extant in Europe where people serving in the
military are regarded as inferior. This is particularly true in Russia
and the former Communist block countries. Because America is following
the same path to destruction that the Soviet Union went down in the late
80's and early 90's this is going to become an even larger problem. I
was actually denied an interview for a professorship position at our
local University here in Hungary because I had served in the military.
Not just the American military but any military. That is how low people
respect the military here and it is coming to America as well.
I
remember those days in the early 70's getting cursed at, bottles thrown
at me, and spit on when traveling in uniform. The same but worse
happened in Europe where I was frequently attacked by people on the
street, particularly in Sweden. So, here we go again. The difference now
is I was drafted back then and had no choice except to desert and move
to Canada. If I had known Carter would grant amnesty to all those that
did that I would have made different choices. But, instead I went on to
serve my country for 40 years.
However, "The times they are a changin". If we
have an actual revolt in America, which is becoming more and more
likely as the lies this and previous administrations come to light, we
may find ourselves with a big problem. Most enlisted come from the
lower half of the socioeconomic class of Americans. This, and always
has been, a problem of minority misrepresentation among the combat MOS
such as Infantry. It was true during Vietnam and is still true today.
The difference is we have a more disaffected group of soldiers many who
now have as much as 12 combat tours. Most of them lost their starry eyed
view of fighting for freedom BS during the first tour. Instead they
fight for their brothers in arms. It is a survival mechanism and is
always how it breaks down in combat. You stop caring about the bigger
picture and start caring about yourself and the guys next to you. It is
hairy and there isn't a moments peace during the entire deployment where
you feel safe or secure. Then you come home to at best an uncaring
population who are oblivious to your struggles of survival much less the
actual big picture of America fighting for National Security. We all
know this is total BS by now. So, we are really fighting for those guys
above the top 1% and their interests.
Anyway, if it breaks down to
revolution in America I don't think the soldiers in the combat arms are
going to support the top 1% anymore but instead will fight for their
families. There is absolutely zero loyalty to the Generals commanding
and many soldiers have no clue who they are anyway. This is the danger
of have a military designed to prevent military coups. The US military deliberately sends soldiers to different command with each 2-3 year re-assignment and in a typical 20 year career you won't go to the same place twice. The soldiers only
have loyalty to each other and their own families and social class.
This becomes worse when you see the Commander in Chief breaking laws
without regard to any consequences and when you see Congressmen becoming
wealthy through their power and positions while you earn peanuts
fighting for them and their plutocracy.
Many veterans felt more than a little naive when they learned how the government
betrayed them later. The granting of amnesty, denial of Veteran's services etc. has treated the Vietnam era vets the worst in American history. But, I lost my rose colored glasses a long time ago. I
realized pretty quickly after Vietnam when we got into other fun places
and the list is very long (I lost count at 20 conflicts since 1963), and realized
none, absolutely zero had anything to do with National Security or even
the better interests of the US. People in America realize this and
aren't all that mesmerized by the patriotic zeal which many in the
military seems to equate to expectations of a grateful nation for their
service "protecting" them.
What Americans are now seeing is that our
government is the largest threat to American society and that the
military is included in this, particularly now that Posse Comitatus has
been thrown out completely by Obama and our military (NSA is part of the
DoD) is actively spying and targeting American citizens. They further
are realizing that all of this has nothing to do with protecting
Americans and everything to do with making rich people richer. They also
see rampant and uncontrolled slaughter of innocent people in countries
we aren't at war with fighting enemies which apparently under the right
circumstances we assist by supplying weapons and training. Never forget
Osama Bin Laden was trained and supported by the US when it was good for
us. The same for Al Qaeda in Libya and now in Syria. None of it makes
any sense and the soldiers are now part of the feared part of our
government.
It is far worse now than it was during Vietnam. At least then the
government was relatively benevolent. Nixon could only have prayed to
have available to him what Obama has today. If anyone doesn't believe
this government is actively using all of this surveillance to "motivate"
people such as Congressmen, Generals, Judges, whomever to further their
causes, then they better wake up and take a hard look. On top of this,
the country is not only bankrupt but it is getting worse and we still
continue fighting these lost causes at enormous expense. Of course
Americans dislike the military, and the police, and anyone else who is
now actively persecuting American citizens pr prosecuting these inane
wars in lands far from home fighting for things that have nothing to do
with us.
Vietnam,
for whatever reason, and I think it was really about oil and not global
containment (my in-laws are in the Russian oil business and have oil
exploration contracts there) was in a different geopolitical era. I
didn't have the pleasure of experiencing Vietnam being in Germany until the war ended but I
had plenty of comrades who had just returned and these were some
seriously burnt out guys, most strung out on drugs.
Even the climate in
the military has changed since back then. Back then if you were a
draftee you were held in high regard and the enemy were "lifers". When I
re-enlisted I became "one of them" which got worse when I made SSG and
later SFC. By the time I was commissioned in my 10th year it had changed
again dramatically and became a "professional" military. Now even
alcohol use (any) is frowned on which is bizarre to me. There is a
reason we are awarded Good Conduct Medals but that has become irrelevant
given the intolerance in the military now. Under Reagan we won back
some of the respect from Americans we had lost. This was enhanced in
the first Gulf War although most people in retrospect wonder what that
was really all about. Even after 9/11 there was a strong surge of
patriotism but all of that has been pissed away since with these never
ending useless conflicts. Why are we so strongly supporting a despot in
Yemen and trying to topple a democratically elected and popular
president in Syria to the point of obfuscating the truth about the
chemical weapons "our" rebels used supplied by Saudi Arabia? Our foreign
policy is a shambles and we are now seen overwhelmingly by every
country in the world as the greatest threat to world peace. We have been
actively supporting the Chechen "freedom fighters", we have been
supporting Prince Bandar "Bush" Sultan who has threatened to destroy the
Olympics in Sochi. We provided Al Qaeda arms and materials to overthrow
Khadaffi and then were shocked when these same people killed our
ambassador but then did nothing about it.
We look schizophrenic to the
world and even to our own people who now will believe anything is
possible. Just look at the craziness by police in the US now. It is
extremely dangerous to have any encounter with them and citizens cannot
distinguish between the police and the military. Obama forcing the
repeated inclusion of the Detention without warrant or due process in
the NDAA has got people scared. Having Constitution free zones of 200
miles from any border is another. Arresting people for wearing Google
Glass by ICE agents is bizarre. Sending SWAT teams out to the wilds of
Alaska to small mining operations for EPA inspections is another. Same
for using SWAT teams to service summons. It really looks like it is all
out of control now and getting worse. Spying on everything we do is
another nutty thing to be doing and it is way out of control. I hate
watching it happen and realizing we are already well down the path to
the collapse of our nation which I love and it is all our fault.
Looking
back at the world when we had the West against the Soviet threat is
interesting. Being married to a former Soviet nuclear scientist (who
later became a US scientist) gives on a unique perspective. She left the
Soviet Union to come to America only to find that there really is no
more freedom in the US than there was in Russia. It is just a different
kind of slavery driven by ever increasing debt. Very few Americans are
actually free to do anything they want. Living in a former Communist
country is another. I have learned that the "evil empire" was never
actually evil and fundamentally provided for its citizens well and were
in constant fear of US incursion. They never threatened any attack and
certainly didn't surround the US with nuclear missiles like the US did
to Russia. They tried once and Kennedy went nuts and almost destroyed
the planet over it. Here in Hungary many people (perhaps the majority)
are regretting the collapse of the Soviet economic trade zone as they
were far better off under communism. A few of the 1% here have gotten
very rich at the expense of everyone else. I have found this same
undercurrent of thinking in Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Czech republic,
and Bosinia. Many Russians feel similarly but are more conflicted as
they really hated living under the latter years of the Soviet Union and
many remember relatives killed during Stalin's purges in the 30's and
40's. So, Putin is tolerated as they are just tired of conflict. Things
are basically okay, not great but okay enough, so they don't complain
much.
So, this discussion can permit us to examine exactly where the US is with regards to different perspectives. The soldiers who have served since 1991 have been lead to believe they were fighting for National Security and many are having serious problems adapting to the ever changing realities of the US and it's global hegemony and foreign aggressions. Many really believe they are fighting and protecting Americans from some vague but now unidentifiable threat. So, there are some serious psychological implications when reality sets in for these unfortunate soldiers and veterans.
Expat with Attitude
Friday, 24 January 2014
Tuesday, 14 January 2014
Cryptocurrency Adventures
A few years ago I was working TDY in DC and listening to NPR to a story about Bitcoins (BTC). Now, I freely admit I had never heard of them back then and part of the story was how someone hacked into one account and stole 263,000+ Bitcoins. At that time they were worth about 70 cents per Bitcoin so the total loss was still amazingly high at $184,000. The perpetrator was caught but still I recall thinking at the time how screwy it was to buy something like a Bitcoin and then lose. These kinds of stories pervaded for a while and I never thought too much about it. But, I was aware of it. I wish I had paid more attention back then.
One thing I enjoy is watching the Max Keiser Report on Russia Today. He is an energetic and highly controversial commentator on world finance who used to live in France and now lives in London. He began as a stand up comedian of typical Jewish humor and became a trader on Wall Street and eventually created his own exchange in Hollywood. My point is he has some sound basis for his commentaries. However, his highly theatrical and very sharp barbs targeting Wall Street are on the one hand entertaining but on the other very informative. What is more interesting is just how accurate he is about the world economies and in particular the problems in the US, UK, and Europe. He has very accurately forecast everything that subsequently has occurred with an extremely high accuracy so Luba and I pay close attention to him. Luba has as her main hobby Day Trading so global financial matters are central in our household. Max began talking about Bitcoins at least as early as May 2011 and I started paying attention to him in January 2012.
We decided in early 2013 (yeah we were slow to get started) that it would be fun to join into the game and start mining Bitcoins at home but at that time it was obvious that the new computers based on Application-Specific-Integrated Circuits (ASIC) and also Field-Programmable-Gate-Array (FPGA) using thousands of dedicated CPU's to do the calculations would be far more productive than using Central Processing Units (CPU's) or mining machines based on using Graphical Procesing Units (GPU's). An FPGA mining machine could calculate roughly 800 MegaHashes (MH/s) per second and the ASICs are in the GigaHash/s (GH/s) range. To digress the Bitcoins are housed on a peer-to-peer network of an encrypted string divided into blocks. Each block of Bitcoins are valued at 25 Bitcoins each and are encrypted using the SHA-256 algorithm. The entire string has to be deciphered and this requires massive brute strength guessing using supercomputers. I invite you to read Satoshi's (not his real name) white paper on how Bitcoins work. This can be found from the Wikipedia article on Bitcoins http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitcoin or from the Bitcoin organization main page http://bitcoin.org/en/. A direct link to the article is here: http://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf I encourage you to read the articles as they are particularly informative if you are thinking of getting into this "business".
Anyway,in March 2013 we ordered a not yet released ASIC based Bitcoin machine from Butterfly Labs which was rated for 30 GH/s and in March 2013 would have earned 24 BTC a day at the difficulty of 4,367,876. But in March 2013 there was a huge range in prices of BTC. They had started the year at $13.51 per BTC on the Mt Gox exchange. But, rose to a high of $266 before crashing back to $74. It has since risen to over $1,000 in December 2013. So, even at $100 a BTC I was conservatively thinking we would earn $2,400 a day. Well, so much for day dreams. The reality is that many people and a lot with far more money and guts than me, decided to jump in and buy machines. I didn't receive mine until November and actually consider myself lucky as many companies were scams and asked for payment in advance and just stole the money. BFL actually did produce machines but I have suspicions they were making huge profits for months mining with these machines and delayed shipments but I certainly can't prove it. Many less than honorable people stole millions from unsuspecting people who paid for machines they never received. Anyway, by the time I received my machine I was at the tail end and thousands of them had been sold and my paltry 30 GH/s was only able to mine 0.02 BTC per day. This dismal performance was made even more dismal when I looked at the rate of change for difficulty and forecasted I wouldn't even pay for electricity in a month's time. However, I also noticed that these machines were selling on Ebay for twice what I paid so I sold it on Ebay and doubled my investment that way. So, at least I got out without a loss and made a profit in the process.
If I had built a system based on GPU cards I would have made a lot more in that time I was waiting for the BFL machine to arrive. After 10 months I was pretty much resigned to the fact I was ripped off but then they started shipping. From what I see the people making the big money so far are the ones selling equipment. The other group making out are the bandits stealing coins and setting up Bot-nets to hijack other computers to mine in the background. If you examine the actual has rate for the various pools and break it down to actual recipients you will see for BTC that there are enormous mining farms in the Ukraine making something like 40% of the Bitcoins out there. The sheer computing capacity being harnessed for this purpose is stunning as well as the amount of the world's electricity. Really it is mind boggling. Back in December there was an article in Business Insider http://www.businessinsider.com/bitcoin-mining-is-booming-chart-2013-12 about the amount of computing power dedicated to mining Bitcoins. When the article was published in December 2013 the has rate was 6,900,000,000,000,000 Hash/s. The amount of power is harder to determine. For GPU mining it is roughly 300 watts per MH/s. For ASIC miners it is around 15 Watts per GH/s. That is improving with the smaller die sizes but for fun's sake let's assume everyone is mining at 15 W/GH/s. My quick calculations put that at roughly 104 Megawatts per day or in real terms 104,000 kilowatts. At $0.15 per kilowatt hour that comes to $15,525. But we know it is more as the first generation machines based on GPU mining are all still out there and growing and use 300 watts/ MH so a lot more expensive to operate.
Still, I was frustrated that it was so hard for someone like myself with limited means to get into this game. It was clear that ASIC based computational systems would have to be in the TerraHash range and way outside my budget. The first TH systems are expected soon but cost over $16,000 for a 2 TH/s ASIC machine. I certainly am not willing to tie up that kind of money and running a return on investment calculation shows it might just pay for itself or perhaps not as there is now way to tell just how many of these TH systems will be sold between December and April and how many are pure theft of customer's money. If I was worried about $900 before than there is no way I am willing to throw away $16,000 to someone I don't know well or trust.
One easier way to get into this would be to just buy Bitcoins just like any other commodity and watch them grow. Another is to buy into a mining farm and rent time in terms of GH/s capacity for a given time period. Back when they were $0.70 a BTC it would have been great to just have bought coins and we would have made some crazy percentages. But, the BTC market was and still is extremely volatile and we decided (perhaps overly cautious but this is the way it went) it would be foolish to invest real money into something this risky. So, I decided to get back into the game again but this time mining minor alternate cryptocurrencies. There are over 30 of these alternate coins out there and most have very low values compared to Bitcoins many down in the single Satoshi range (yes there are currency denominations in BTC) or 0.00000001 BTC. The main alternate currency which is more or less reputable (in comparison) are Litecoins (LTC). Everything you might want to know about LTC can be found from here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litecoin and I will use these as an example but it applies to any of the Scrypt based coins out there.
This currency is based on another cryptographic algorithm called Scrypt. Solving the SHA-256 based encryption requires very little memory by design. So mining machines based on ASIC chips are very efficient and relatively cheap to manufacture after initial development costs which run into the $5 million range. ASICs have very little memory which helps to make them cheap as memory increases costs of production dramatically. ASICS also cannot ever do anything else. SHA-256 encryption is it and if BTC disappear all these systems are complete useless. They also cannot be used for computing Scrypt as well. Scypt based encryption, however; requires a significant mount of memory to solve the encryption. Scrypt encryption requires a minimum of 128 KB of memory per core. Using a CPU would work but the hash rate would be very slow down in the lower KH/s ranges. A link to a comparison of mining hardware can be found here: https://litecoin.info/Mining_hardware_comparison. I have spent a lot of hours pouring over this information and trying to decide how to go about this. The easiest is to use a guide prepared by Cryptobadger and his site is also very informative: http://www.cryptobadger.com/ So, I give him all the credit for figuring this all out.
I then ordered the stuff off of Ebay based on Cryptobadgers suggestions and built a system based on the new AMD Radeon R9-290 cards. I'll save you time - the best bang for your buck is with the R9-290 cards. If you can get a 290x it will squeeze out another 75 KH/s but the card is $100 more so not really worth it. Here in Europe prices are about 30% higher than in the US but availability is still possible. In the US these cards have sold out and are back-ordered due to the amount of people building mining machines. This is good news for AMD which was very close to going belly up last year and I like having them as an alternative chip manufacturer to Intel and have always built my own computers around AMD chips from even before AMD using Cyrix chips which ultimately morphed into AMD. This, coupled with the CPU/GPU processors in the XBox One and the Sony Playstation 4 plus the extremely intense GPU's being put into the new Apple Pro's are saving this company. I must note though that every card currently available are identical no matter what company you buy them from. There might be some subtle differences in the ROM software but you can flash one with any other manufacturer's ROM. Also the difference between an R9-290 and an R9-290x is also just a lower clocked 290x and many 290's can be re-flashed and turned into 290x cards. Anyway, with my limited resources I bought initially an 290x and a 290 then later an R9-280x which has yet to arrive. I have not tried to flash my 290 into being an 290x. Frankly, the 290x has been a lot of trouble and shuts down often requiring reboots. I am still working on this issue. The CGminer software was developed several years ago and the developer stopped updating the software for GPU mining at version 3.7.2 which is the last version that supports them. But, these new cards have some nuances not included in the software so there are some tricky trial and error work to be done to find your card's sweet spot. It seems every card is different. If you examine the mining hardware comparison charts and look at the setting you will see wide variances in hash rates and the settings themselves. I poured over this chart and many others out there to try and determine the best settings for my system.
I built my rig based on the ASROCK 970 Extreme 4 mainboard and AMD Sempron 145 CPU with 4 GB RAM. The computer itself isn't actually doing much so just needs minimal processing power unless you want to be paying games on this on the side. I suppose that assumes you can tolerate the noise. I mounted the 290x in PCI-e slot 4 and the 290 in PCI-e slot 2. I also had a glass aquarium built and constructed a plexiglass board to mount it all to. My plan is to submerse the system in mineral oil for cooling. As I said before I am using cgminer version 3.7.2 running on Windows 7. I did try and do this using Ubuntu but had enormous problems and finally gave up after a week and went with Windows which I hate intensely but it does work. I am using CGWatcher to run the system and have it set up to restart if conditions become unstable. CGWatcher is an excellent program and I recommend it highly. Cgminer is also excellent and the most robust for these GPU based miners. Fumbling around with settings for CGminer requires a lot of experimentation but CGWatcher has a nice interface which makes changing the various parameters relatively easy. One thing to note is these machines use a lot of power and the end result is heat and a lot of it. My mainboard and 2 GPU cards are using 720 watts per hour. When the 3rd card arives it will be at around 1,000 Watts per hour. The cards get really hot and are cooled using caged fans which sound like jet engines (more like 2 high speed blow dryers but you get the idea). This necessitates putting this machine somewhere no one is bothered by the noise and why I want to immerse it in mineral oil which will silence it completely. That might have a drawback as I can sense problems when the noise drops so I'll have to pay more attention to this. I have not found that it can run unattended for long but as I gain more experience and get the temps under control it may settle down. Apparently the voltage regulators and memory chips aren't usufficiently cooled on these cards which is likely causing the problems. Putting it all in an oil bath should normalize everything to a constant 60 degrees C. The setting which have worked best for me are the same for both cards and are:
{
"api-allow" : "W:127.0.0.1",
"api-listen" : true,
"api-port" : "4028",
"expiry" : "120",
"failover-only" : true,
"kernel-path" : "/usr/local/bin",
"log" : "5",
"queue" : "1",
"scan-time" : "60",
"scrypt" : true,
"gpu-threads" : "1",
"gpu-engine" : "900-1000",
"gpu-fan" : "40-100",
"gpu-memclock" : "1500,1500",
"gpu-powertune" : "20",
"intensity" : "20",
"temp-target" : "80",
"temp-overheat" : "95",
"temp-cutoff" : "99",
"temp-hysteresis" : "3",
"vectors" : "1",
"worksize" : "512",
"lookup-gap" : "2",
"thread-concurrency" : "27400"
}
I am getting routinely 960 KH/s on the 290x at 75 degrees C and 890 KH/s at 81 degrees C for the 290. Generally I hover around 1.85 MH/s but efficiency is actually less. I do experience roughly a 5% error rate but examining the logs on CGwatcher I can see it is because the pools change and the getworks get bogged down so I get mostly stale share errors. That means I submitted a hash which was solved by someone else and usually indicates a delay in either the network or at the pool site and not a problem in my system. I normally don't get hardware errors so I think these settings are best.
The best way for a small machine is to mine as part of a group of people which is called a pool. Each block is put out as part of a stratum and each member of the pool solves a piece of the encryption which is called a share. Each successful share accepted is put into the algorithm like a jigsaw puzzle until the block is solved. Each block is divided up by the number of successful shares submitted and a proportional amount of coins are awarded. There are many pools and individual miners trying to solve this encryption simultaneously so there is also a "luck" factor. Predicting profit is difficult because you have to make a lot of assumptions. Picking the right pool may depend on luck as well and some pools do better than others. Pools having higher hash rates do not necessarily do better so again, this is a trial and error procedure. I can set multiple pools for a given coin and switch from one to the other. It is a good idea to have several in case one pool is shut down by a Denial of Service Attack (DNOS) which appear to happen frequently and are one way a hacker can penetrate a given pool's server and steal everyone's coins. Some pools have better security than others which is another factor to consider.
I currently am mining in over 10 different pools for a number of coins and recommend highly the Multipool profitability pool which mines different coins based on their relative value and difficulty of solving. So far this has been the most efficient pool for me but there have been problems with connectivity. But, they have been attacked without success several times now so I think it is a secure pool It can be found here: https://www.multipool.us/ Some pools are in the US, some in Europe and some like Multipool in both. You can mine single coins yourself and on CGWatcher you can set up multiple profiles. Each profile should be set up for a different coin. CGWatcher can switch by itself in profitability mode using statistics from the coin exchanges. The coin data are collected and available on a couple of sites. CGWatcher uses CoinChoose by default but it doesn't list every coin however accessing the database is currently free and it very accurate. CoinWarz is another but is not free (there is a free version but with limited access). I use CoinWarz to watch the coins periodically as it presents the data in better form for me but CoinChoose is also excellent. So CGWatcher will go look at CoinChoose and see what the most profitable coin is and automatically switch your miner to that pool (assuming you have set it up correctly with it's own profile). But, generally I have had better success using Multipool. One thing though these coin valuations can fluctuate wildly during a day and even more day to day very much like penny stocks. Mining isn't an instant process and sometime Multipool will mine coins and I end up with tiny residual amounts of coins not high enough in total to actually trade so I end up sitting on a lot of mining horsepower in terms of bits of coins here and there. So, you need to be careful how you configure the payouts and where you pay them to. Cryptsy, for example and despite all the criticisms out there has been the more reliable of the coin exchanges. I have tried all of them and so far and for mining the minor coins it is the best and they have responded well to problems I have had with deposits. Coins-E doesn't respond at all and I do not recommend them. I have lost over $100 (perhaps trivial but still it is money to me) on Coins-E from "lost" deposits and their failure to respond to my requests for service. I moved everything I could off their site to Cryptsy. I have my accounts at Cryptsy set to automatically sell the coins once the balance gets to the minimum required to sell a given coin which varies from coin to coin. This saves me a lot of time and although I may not be getting the best price it is closest to that predicted by CoinChoose and the Multipool algorithm for determining profitability. it still seems to work well for me. I am earning roughly 0.03 BTC a day now using 1.85 MH/s and it seems to be fairly constant. I have not yet faced the issue of trying to convert a Bitcoin into money but that isn't my actual goal. My goal is to try and earn 12 Bitcoins a year. If they go up in value that is great if not then I am generating a reserve bank account for later use. At least I am having fun and have learned an enormous amount in the process.
To solve potential pool or miner problems I have CGWatcher programmed to change pools within the current profile or restart the machine if something goes awry. Initially, I was using a wireless USB interface but I ended up putting the machine in our furnace room as the noise is so great and this room has poor wireless reception. I do have an Ethernet cable running through the room though to the other house so I tapped the cable and installed a switch so have cable access which is far more reliable and faster although this mining doesn't use much bandwidth it is heavily dependent on internet access to the pool. I have the machine set to restart itself every 24 hours just to keep things optional. I lose a few minutes but it is a minimal installation of Windows so boots quickly. I use Team Viewer (free version) to monitor the system and make changes as necessary. I have the overclocking software installed but don't use it as CGWatcher lets you program the GPU and memory clock speeds directly. I found small improvements but over all higher rejections so basically leave it at default of 1000 for the GPU and 1500 for the memory. The 290x has 50% ore rejections than the 290 and frequently drops to a GPU speed of 300 to keep the temperature under control. The Radeons adjust clock speed as a way to keep it from over-heating. Of course, this affects overall performance. What I see mostly is it drops speed to 300 and then fails to put it back up again and then the card fails. A restart puts it back correctly immediately so I have CGWatcher configured to restart the CGMiner if the has rate falls below 1000.
When I get the third card and put this rig together under oil I'll post an update and some photos.
Update: 21 January 2014
I finally received the 3rd GPU Card a Gigabyte Radeon R9 280x. This has caused some interesting problems with the configuration. Each card has it's own settings and particular nuances. The 280x is a good card and should produce hashes in the mid 700 kH/s range. However, I have found it to be particularly difficult to work into my system. The cgminer program has a configuration file which can be set and edited in CGwatcher or done manually using notepad. The graphics threads for the Tahiti based (essentially the 280x is an older 7950 card with a new name but essentially is identical). The 290 and 290x are based on the Hawaii processor with the 290 being detuned to have less shaders. They are identical in every other way and may cards (not mine of course) can be reflashed with 290x bios to make a 290x for $100 cheaper. Anyway, my problem is the 280x can only function at an intensity of 13 (I13) and with two threads (g2) and a lower thread count. I am using 8192 for this card. the program cgminer; however, will not permit multiple numbers for the g variable and the 280x only hashes at 80 kh/s on the g1 setting. Not to worry though as some wonderful folks have started a scrypt only fork of the cgminer program called sgminer. Some links can be found here: https://litecointalk.org/index.php?topic=13190.0 This is a nice improvement and permits setting the intensity to higher than 20. Using this program I am now hashing with the 280x between 680 and 720 kh/s.
Every card must be tuned for its particular nuances as every card even from the same manufacturer is different. This doesn't speak well for AMD's quality control but there are a number of work arounds. I am using the Sapphire Trixx to play around with the settings to find the cards sweet spot. To do this start up sgminer then go to each cards overclock settings on Trixx and make small changes and annotate the results in temperature and kh/s. This is a time consuming problem. For example on the 290x I found that 1060/1490gave me the highest hashes but became unstable after about 20 minutes and the card eventually died. An immediate restart of sgminer and it went back to normal but again dies again. Eventually it starts dying every 3 minutes of so which is counter productive to pool mining. Reading and studying everything there could be several reasons for this. First would be unstable power but I have an excellent (and expensive) 1300 Watt PS so that can be ruled out. Next would be inadequate cooling of the card. I wasn't seeing high temperatures but eventually it rises to about 83 degrees and then the memory clocks go to 300/150 and stay there. When the hashes fail to accumulate after several minutes sgminer declares the card sick or dead and disables it. CGwatcher restarts the miner itself so it limps along at roughly 5 minute intervals.
I had read the build quality was very poor for the heat sinks so decided to try putting new heat sink paste. There are a bunch of screws holding the fan case on and the heat sink retainer. I removed all of them and found to my surprise that it was true. The paste was on extremely thick and had dried out and fractured. This card is only 3 weeks old so it was clearly a build problem. I removed all the crappy paste and replaced it with Arctic Silver 5 (what I have on hand) and applied a very thin coating. I also removed the end piece from the card to improve fan airflow. The result was more consistent cooling and about 3 degrees less. But, sadly, the card began failing again. So I went through the process again. I started at 940,1400 and worked my way up from there. I ended up at 980/1480 and it seems more or less stable. I'll run it for several hours and log what has occurred. My combined hash rate is 2.52 MH/s so a bit lower than I planned but it seems stable for now. When I get the heat exchanger built and put the card under oil I can then go through the process again and ramp up the clocks to higher hash rates without having to worry about card burnout.
Related to the phenomena of scrypt GPU based mining I found some unforeseen hazards reading on line yesterday. It seems the power companies in the US (for certain and other countries probably as well but hard to say) report to the police any unusual increases in power consumption which triggers a drug raid on your house. This has now happened several times. So, we have another invasion of our privacy by the police state in the US. It seems that people who build grow labs for marijuana in their houses have similar power consumptions as litecoin mining. So, the elevated power consumption is used as a "probable cause" for a search. For those of you out there mining in the US be careful. Always be courteous to the police as they are extremely dangerous and no longer subject to the restraints of law. If they knock on your door always step outside and lock your door. Demand to see the search warrant and call your lawyer immediately. If you have a dog get it locked up immediately, or even better put into a cage. They will shoot it first and this is not subject to any review or later law suit. Any arguing other than demanding a warrant and to call your lawyer will be seen as resisting arrest which carries a higher charge. The police state of America is not friendly and these sociopaths we call the police are ot interested in being nice or even rational. If you have a camera record everything. You have this right but it will aggravate them horribly. I would recommend forestalling the inevitable by calling the local police and telling them what you are doing BUT coin mining is still in the grey area. At the moment it is legal but only until they decide otherwise. Related to this, keep your coins on exchanges outside the US and mine through pools not based in the US. Then you could argue you aren't breaking any US laws. The guy who ran Silk Road based himself in San Francisco which was a stupid mistake. That begs the question and probably his ultimate defense of who is breaking the law and how. This all remains to be ironed out but you can bet that if it upsets the plutocracy and especially those on Wall Street there will be a lot of pressure to shut down alternative cryptocurrencies in the US. The saving grace is greed and if the Wall Street guys figure out ways to make money on this then it will all be okay.
More to come-
One thing I enjoy is watching the Max Keiser Report on Russia Today. He is an energetic and highly controversial commentator on world finance who used to live in France and now lives in London. He began as a stand up comedian of typical Jewish humor and became a trader on Wall Street and eventually created his own exchange in Hollywood. My point is he has some sound basis for his commentaries. However, his highly theatrical and very sharp barbs targeting Wall Street are on the one hand entertaining but on the other very informative. What is more interesting is just how accurate he is about the world economies and in particular the problems in the US, UK, and Europe. He has very accurately forecast everything that subsequently has occurred with an extremely high accuracy so Luba and I pay close attention to him. Luba has as her main hobby Day Trading so global financial matters are central in our household. Max began talking about Bitcoins at least as early as May 2011 and I started paying attention to him in January 2012.
We decided in early 2013 (yeah we were slow to get started) that it would be fun to join into the game and start mining Bitcoins at home but at that time it was obvious that the new computers based on Application-Specific-Integrated Circuits (ASIC) and also Field-Programmable-Gate-Array (FPGA) using thousands of dedicated CPU's to do the calculations would be far more productive than using Central Processing Units (CPU's) or mining machines based on using Graphical Procesing Units (GPU's). An FPGA mining machine could calculate roughly 800 MegaHashes (MH/s) per second and the ASICs are in the GigaHash/s (GH/s) range. To digress the Bitcoins are housed on a peer-to-peer network of an encrypted string divided into blocks. Each block of Bitcoins are valued at 25 Bitcoins each and are encrypted using the SHA-256 algorithm. The entire string has to be deciphered and this requires massive brute strength guessing using supercomputers. I invite you to read Satoshi's (not his real name) white paper on how Bitcoins work. This can be found from the Wikipedia article on Bitcoins http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitcoin or from the Bitcoin organization main page http://bitcoin.org/en/. A direct link to the article is here: http://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf I encourage you to read the articles as they are particularly informative if you are thinking of getting into this "business".
Anyway,in March 2013 we ordered a not yet released ASIC based Bitcoin machine from Butterfly Labs which was rated for 30 GH/s and in March 2013 would have earned 24 BTC a day at the difficulty of 4,367,876. But in March 2013 there was a huge range in prices of BTC. They had started the year at $13.51 per BTC on the Mt Gox exchange. But, rose to a high of $266 before crashing back to $74. It has since risen to over $1,000 in December 2013. So, even at $100 a BTC I was conservatively thinking we would earn $2,400 a day. Well, so much for day dreams. The reality is that many people and a lot with far more money and guts than me, decided to jump in and buy machines. I didn't receive mine until November and actually consider myself lucky as many companies were scams and asked for payment in advance and just stole the money. BFL actually did produce machines but I have suspicions they were making huge profits for months mining with these machines and delayed shipments but I certainly can't prove it. Many less than honorable people stole millions from unsuspecting people who paid for machines they never received. Anyway, by the time I received my machine I was at the tail end and thousands of them had been sold and my paltry 30 GH/s was only able to mine 0.02 BTC per day. This dismal performance was made even more dismal when I looked at the rate of change for difficulty and forecasted I wouldn't even pay for electricity in a month's time. However, I also noticed that these machines were selling on Ebay for twice what I paid so I sold it on Ebay and doubled my investment that way. So, at least I got out without a loss and made a profit in the process.
If I had built a system based on GPU cards I would have made a lot more in that time I was waiting for the BFL machine to arrive. After 10 months I was pretty much resigned to the fact I was ripped off but then they started shipping. From what I see the people making the big money so far are the ones selling equipment. The other group making out are the bandits stealing coins and setting up Bot-nets to hijack other computers to mine in the background. If you examine the actual has rate for the various pools and break it down to actual recipients you will see for BTC that there are enormous mining farms in the Ukraine making something like 40% of the Bitcoins out there. The sheer computing capacity being harnessed for this purpose is stunning as well as the amount of the world's electricity. Really it is mind boggling. Back in December there was an article in Business Insider http://www.businessinsider.com/bitcoin-mining-is-booming-chart-2013-12 about the amount of computing power dedicated to mining Bitcoins. When the article was published in December 2013 the has rate was 6,900,000,000,000,000 Hash/s. The amount of power is harder to determine. For GPU mining it is roughly 300 watts per MH/s. For ASIC miners it is around 15 Watts per GH/s. That is improving with the smaller die sizes but for fun's sake let's assume everyone is mining at 15 W/GH/s. My quick calculations put that at roughly 104 Megawatts per day or in real terms 104,000 kilowatts. At $0.15 per kilowatt hour that comes to $15,525. But we know it is more as the first generation machines based on GPU mining are all still out there and growing and use 300 watts/ MH so a lot more expensive to operate.
Still, I was frustrated that it was so hard for someone like myself with limited means to get into this game. It was clear that ASIC based computational systems would have to be in the TerraHash range and way outside my budget. The first TH systems are expected soon but cost over $16,000 for a 2 TH/s ASIC machine. I certainly am not willing to tie up that kind of money and running a return on investment calculation shows it might just pay for itself or perhaps not as there is now way to tell just how many of these TH systems will be sold between December and April and how many are pure theft of customer's money. If I was worried about $900 before than there is no way I am willing to throw away $16,000 to someone I don't know well or trust.
One easier way to get into this would be to just buy Bitcoins just like any other commodity and watch them grow. Another is to buy into a mining farm and rent time in terms of GH/s capacity for a given time period. Back when they were $0.70 a BTC it would have been great to just have bought coins and we would have made some crazy percentages. But, the BTC market was and still is extremely volatile and we decided (perhaps overly cautious but this is the way it went) it would be foolish to invest real money into something this risky. So, I decided to get back into the game again but this time mining minor alternate cryptocurrencies. There are over 30 of these alternate coins out there and most have very low values compared to Bitcoins many down in the single Satoshi range (yes there are currency denominations in BTC) or 0.00000001 BTC. The main alternate currency which is more or less reputable (in comparison) are Litecoins (LTC). Everything you might want to know about LTC can be found from here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litecoin and I will use these as an example but it applies to any of the Scrypt based coins out there.
This currency is based on another cryptographic algorithm called Scrypt. Solving the SHA-256 based encryption requires very little memory by design. So mining machines based on ASIC chips are very efficient and relatively cheap to manufacture after initial development costs which run into the $5 million range. ASICs have very little memory which helps to make them cheap as memory increases costs of production dramatically. ASICS also cannot ever do anything else. SHA-256 encryption is it and if BTC disappear all these systems are complete useless. They also cannot be used for computing Scrypt as well. Scypt based encryption, however; requires a significant mount of memory to solve the encryption. Scrypt encryption requires a minimum of 128 KB of memory per core. Using a CPU would work but the hash rate would be very slow down in the lower KH/s ranges. A link to a comparison of mining hardware can be found here: https://litecoin.info/Mining_hardware_comparison. I have spent a lot of hours pouring over this information and trying to decide how to go about this. The easiest is to use a guide prepared by Cryptobadger and his site is also very informative: http://www.cryptobadger.com/ So, I give him all the credit for figuring this all out.
I then ordered the stuff off of Ebay based on Cryptobadgers suggestions and built a system based on the new AMD Radeon R9-290 cards. I'll save you time - the best bang for your buck is with the R9-290 cards. If you can get a 290x it will squeeze out another 75 KH/s but the card is $100 more so not really worth it. Here in Europe prices are about 30% higher than in the US but availability is still possible. In the US these cards have sold out and are back-ordered due to the amount of people building mining machines. This is good news for AMD which was very close to going belly up last year and I like having them as an alternative chip manufacturer to Intel and have always built my own computers around AMD chips from even before AMD using Cyrix chips which ultimately morphed into AMD. This, coupled with the CPU/GPU processors in the XBox One and the Sony Playstation 4 plus the extremely intense GPU's being put into the new Apple Pro's are saving this company. I must note though that every card currently available are identical no matter what company you buy them from. There might be some subtle differences in the ROM software but you can flash one with any other manufacturer's ROM. Also the difference between an R9-290 and an R9-290x is also just a lower clocked 290x and many 290's can be re-flashed and turned into 290x cards. Anyway, with my limited resources I bought initially an 290x and a 290 then later an R9-280x which has yet to arrive. I have not tried to flash my 290 into being an 290x. Frankly, the 290x has been a lot of trouble and shuts down often requiring reboots. I am still working on this issue. The CGminer software was developed several years ago and the developer stopped updating the software for GPU mining at version 3.7.2 which is the last version that supports them. But, these new cards have some nuances not included in the software so there are some tricky trial and error work to be done to find your card's sweet spot. It seems every card is different. If you examine the mining hardware comparison charts and look at the setting you will see wide variances in hash rates and the settings themselves. I poured over this chart and many others out there to try and determine the best settings for my system.
I built my rig based on the ASROCK 970 Extreme 4 mainboard and AMD Sempron 145 CPU with 4 GB RAM. The computer itself isn't actually doing much so just needs minimal processing power unless you want to be paying games on this on the side. I suppose that assumes you can tolerate the noise. I mounted the 290x in PCI-e slot 4 and the 290 in PCI-e slot 2. I also had a glass aquarium built and constructed a plexiglass board to mount it all to. My plan is to submerse the system in mineral oil for cooling. As I said before I am using cgminer version 3.7.2 running on Windows 7. I did try and do this using Ubuntu but had enormous problems and finally gave up after a week and went with Windows which I hate intensely but it does work. I am using CGWatcher to run the system and have it set up to restart if conditions become unstable. CGWatcher is an excellent program and I recommend it highly. Cgminer is also excellent and the most robust for these GPU based miners. Fumbling around with settings for CGminer requires a lot of experimentation but CGWatcher has a nice interface which makes changing the various parameters relatively easy. One thing to note is these machines use a lot of power and the end result is heat and a lot of it. My mainboard and 2 GPU cards are using 720 watts per hour. When the 3rd card arives it will be at around 1,000 Watts per hour. The cards get really hot and are cooled using caged fans which sound like jet engines (more like 2 high speed blow dryers but you get the idea). This necessitates putting this machine somewhere no one is bothered by the noise and why I want to immerse it in mineral oil which will silence it completely. That might have a drawback as I can sense problems when the noise drops so I'll have to pay more attention to this. I have not found that it can run unattended for long but as I gain more experience and get the temps under control it may settle down. Apparently the voltage regulators and memory chips aren't usufficiently cooled on these cards which is likely causing the problems. Putting it all in an oil bath should normalize everything to a constant 60 degrees C. The setting which have worked best for me are the same for both cards and are:
{
"api-allow" : "W:127.0.0.1",
"api-listen" : true,
"api-port" : "4028",
"expiry" : "120",
"failover-only" : true,
"kernel-path" : "/usr/local/bin",
"log" : "5",
"queue" : "1",
"scan-time" : "60",
"scrypt" : true,
"gpu-threads" : "1",
"gpu-engine" : "900-1000",
"gpu-fan" : "40-100",
"gpu-memclock" : "1500,1500",
"gpu-powertune" : "20",
"intensity" : "20",
"temp-target" : "80",
"temp-overheat" : "95",
"temp-cutoff" : "99",
"temp-hysteresis" : "3",
"vectors" : "1",
"worksize" : "512",
"lookup-gap" : "2",
"thread-concurrency" : "27400"
}
I am getting routinely 960 KH/s on the 290x at 75 degrees C and 890 KH/s at 81 degrees C for the 290. Generally I hover around 1.85 MH/s but efficiency is actually less. I do experience roughly a 5% error rate but examining the logs on CGwatcher I can see it is because the pools change and the getworks get bogged down so I get mostly stale share errors. That means I submitted a hash which was solved by someone else and usually indicates a delay in either the network or at the pool site and not a problem in my system. I normally don't get hardware errors so I think these settings are best.
The best way for a small machine is to mine as part of a group of people which is called a pool. Each block is put out as part of a stratum and each member of the pool solves a piece of the encryption which is called a share. Each successful share accepted is put into the algorithm like a jigsaw puzzle until the block is solved. Each block is divided up by the number of successful shares submitted and a proportional amount of coins are awarded. There are many pools and individual miners trying to solve this encryption simultaneously so there is also a "luck" factor. Predicting profit is difficult because you have to make a lot of assumptions. Picking the right pool may depend on luck as well and some pools do better than others. Pools having higher hash rates do not necessarily do better so again, this is a trial and error procedure. I can set multiple pools for a given coin and switch from one to the other. It is a good idea to have several in case one pool is shut down by a Denial of Service Attack (DNOS) which appear to happen frequently and are one way a hacker can penetrate a given pool's server and steal everyone's coins. Some pools have better security than others which is another factor to consider.
I currently am mining in over 10 different pools for a number of coins and recommend highly the Multipool profitability pool which mines different coins based on their relative value and difficulty of solving. So far this has been the most efficient pool for me but there have been problems with connectivity. But, they have been attacked without success several times now so I think it is a secure pool It can be found here: https://www.multipool.us/ Some pools are in the US, some in Europe and some like Multipool in both. You can mine single coins yourself and on CGWatcher you can set up multiple profiles. Each profile should be set up for a different coin. CGWatcher can switch by itself in profitability mode using statistics from the coin exchanges. The coin data are collected and available on a couple of sites. CGWatcher uses CoinChoose by default but it doesn't list every coin however accessing the database is currently free and it very accurate. CoinWarz is another but is not free (there is a free version but with limited access). I use CoinWarz to watch the coins periodically as it presents the data in better form for me but CoinChoose is also excellent. So CGWatcher will go look at CoinChoose and see what the most profitable coin is and automatically switch your miner to that pool (assuming you have set it up correctly with it's own profile). But, generally I have had better success using Multipool. One thing though these coin valuations can fluctuate wildly during a day and even more day to day very much like penny stocks. Mining isn't an instant process and sometime Multipool will mine coins and I end up with tiny residual amounts of coins not high enough in total to actually trade so I end up sitting on a lot of mining horsepower in terms of bits of coins here and there. So, you need to be careful how you configure the payouts and where you pay them to. Cryptsy, for example and despite all the criticisms out there has been the more reliable of the coin exchanges. I have tried all of them and so far and for mining the minor coins it is the best and they have responded well to problems I have had with deposits. Coins-E doesn't respond at all and I do not recommend them. I have lost over $100 (perhaps trivial but still it is money to me) on Coins-E from "lost" deposits and their failure to respond to my requests for service. I moved everything I could off their site to Cryptsy. I have my accounts at Cryptsy set to automatically sell the coins once the balance gets to the minimum required to sell a given coin which varies from coin to coin. This saves me a lot of time and although I may not be getting the best price it is closest to that predicted by CoinChoose and the Multipool algorithm for determining profitability. it still seems to work well for me. I am earning roughly 0.03 BTC a day now using 1.85 MH/s and it seems to be fairly constant. I have not yet faced the issue of trying to convert a Bitcoin into money but that isn't my actual goal. My goal is to try and earn 12 Bitcoins a year. If they go up in value that is great if not then I am generating a reserve bank account for later use. At least I am having fun and have learned an enormous amount in the process.
To solve potential pool or miner problems I have CGWatcher programmed to change pools within the current profile or restart the machine if something goes awry. Initially, I was using a wireless USB interface but I ended up putting the machine in our furnace room as the noise is so great and this room has poor wireless reception. I do have an Ethernet cable running through the room though to the other house so I tapped the cable and installed a switch so have cable access which is far more reliable and faster although this mining doesn't use much bandwidth it is heavily dependent on internet access to the pool. I have the machine set to restart itself every 24 hours just to keep things optional. I lose a few minutes but it is a minimal installation of Windows so boots quickly. I use Team Viewer (free version) to monitor the system and make changes as necessary. I have the overclocking software installed but don't use it as CGWatcher lets you program the GPU and memory clock speeds directly. I found small improvements but over all higher rejections so basically leave it at default of 1000 for the GPU and 1500 for the memory. The 290x has 50% ore rejections than the 290 and frequently drops to a GPU speed of 300 to keep the temperature under control. The Radeons adjust clock speed as a way to keep it from over-heating. Of course, this affects overall performance. What I see mostly is it drops speed to 300 and then fails to put it back up again and then the card fails. A restart puts it back correctly immediately so I have CGWatcher configured to restart the CGMiner if the has rate falls below 1000.
When I get the third card and put this rig together under oil I'll post an update and some photos.
Update: 21 January 2014
I finally received the 3rd GPU Card a Gigabyte Radeon R9 280x. This has caused some interesting problems with the configuration. Each card has it's own settings and particular nuances. The 280x is a good card and should produce hashes in the mid 700 kH/s range. However, I have found it to be particularly difficult to work into my system. The cgminer program has a configuration file which can be set and edited in CGwatcher or done manually using notepad. The graphics threads for the Tahiti based (essentially the 280x is an older 7950 card with a new name but essentially is identical). The 290 and 290x are based on the Hawaii processor with the 290 being detuned to have less shaders. They are identical in every other way and may cards (not mine of course) can be reflashed with 290x bios to make a 290x for $100 cheaper. Anyway, my problem is the 280x can only function at an intensity of 13 (I13) and with two threads (g2) and a lower thread count. I am using 8192 for this card. the program cgminer; however, will not permit multiple numbers for the g variable and the 280x only hashes at 80 kh/s on the g1 setting. Not to worry though as some wonderful folks have started a scrypt only fork of the cgminer program called sgminer. Some links can be found here: https://litecointalk.org/index.php?topic=13190.0 This is a nice improvement and permits setting the intensity to higher than 20. Using this program I am now hashing with the 280x between 680 and 720 kh/s.
Every card must be tuned for its particular nuances as every card even from the same manufacturer is different. This doesn't speak well for AMD's quality control but there are a number of work arounds. I am using the Sapphire Trixx to play around with the settings to find the cards sweet spot. To do this start up sgminer then go to each cards overclock settings on Trixx and make small changes and annotate the results in temperature and kh/s. This is a time consuming problem. For example on the 290x I found that 1060/1490gave me the highest hashes but became unstable after about 20 minutes and the card eventually died. An immediate restart of sgminer and it went back to normal but again dies again. Eventually it starts dying every 3 minutes of so which is counter productive to pool mining. Reading and studying everything there could be several reasons for this. First would be unstable power but I have an excellent (and expensive) 1300 Watt PS so that can be ruled out. Next would be inadequate cooling of the card. I wasn't seeing high temperatures but eventually it rises to about 83 degrees and then the memory clocks go to 300/150 and stay there. When the hashes fail to accumulate after several minutes sgminer declares the card sick or dead and disables it. CGwatcher restarts the miner itself so it limps along at roughly 5 minute intervals.
I had read the build quality was very poor for the heat sinks so decided to try putting new heat sink paste. There are a bunch of screws holding the fan case on and the heat sink retainer. I removed all of them and found to my surprise that it was true. The paste was on extremely thick and had dried out and fractured. This card is only 3 weeks old so it was clearly a build problem. I removed all the crappy paste and replaced it with Arctic Silver 5 (what I have on hand) and applied a very thin coating. I also removed the end piece from the card to improve fan airflow. The result was more consistent cooling and about 3 degrees less. But, sadly, the card began failing again. So I went through the process again. I started at 940,1400 and worked my way up from there. I ended up at 980/1480 and it seems more or less stable. I'll run it for several hours and log what has occurred. My combined hash rate is 2.52 MH/s so a bit lower than I planned but it seems stable for now. When I get the heat exchanger built and put the card under oil I can then go through the process again and ramp up the clocks to higher hash rates without having to worry about card burnout.
Related to the phenomena of scrypt GPU based mining I found some unforeseen hazards reading on line yesterday. It seems the power companies in the US (for certain and other countries probably as well but hard to say) report to the police any unusual increases in power consumption which triggers a drug raid on your house. This has now happened several times. So, we have another invasion of our privacy by the police state in the US. It seems that people who build grow labs for marijuana in their houses have similar power consumptions as litecoin mining. So, the elevated power consumption is used as a "probable cause" for a search. For those of you out there mining in the US be careful. Always be courteous to the police as they are extremely dangerous and no longer subject to the restraints of law. If they knock on your door always step outside and lock your door. Demand to see the search warrant and call your lawyer immediately. If you have a dog get it locked up immediately, or even better put into a cage. They will shoot it first and this is not subject to any review or later law suit. Any arguing other than demanding a warrant and to call your lawyer will be seen as resisting arrest which carries a higher charge. The police state of America is not friendly and these sociopaths we call the police are ot interested in being nice or even rational. If you have a camera record everything. You have this right but it will aggravate them horribly. I would recommend forestalling the inevitable by calling the local police and telling them what you are doing BUT coin mining is still in the grey area. At the moment it is legal but only until they decide otherwise. Related to this, keep your coins on exchanges outside the US and mine through pools not based in the US. Then you could argue you aren't breaking any US laws. The guy who ran Silk Road based himself in San Francisco which was a stupid mistake. That begs the question and probably his ultimate defense of who is breaking the law and how. This all remains to be ironed out but you can bet that if it upsets the plutocracy and especially those on Wall Street there will be a lot of pressure to shut down alternative cryptocurrencies in the US. The saving grace is greed and if the Wall Street guys figure out ways to make money on this then it will all be okay.
More to come-
Tuesday, 22 May 2012
SmartKat Inflatable Catamaran
Last Friday I picked up my new indulgence an inflatable catamaran. My wife Luba received her retirement from Russia which has been increased by over 100% in the past year. At least Russia understands what is impoirtant. Also, they didn't increase the retirement age but actually lowered it. This makes a lot of sense and would improve things in the US dramatically if they lowered the retirement age for social security to 60 for men and 55 for women. The social security fund is adequately funded for the foreseeable future and can easily be increased as we are a fiat currency and Congress has no qualms about printing an endless supply of money for the banks and the military so why not for retirement? Anyway, this would free up a lot of jobs which younger (and lower salaried thus cheaper for businesses) unemployed people could then enter the work force. Anyway, this small windfall I have been given for an early birthday present and I bought an inflatable catamaran (specifically the SmartKat from Austria). Here is a lionk to the website: http://www.smartkat.at/ There are a number of similar boats with the Grabner HappyCat (Austrian) being the most expensive and the MiniCat (Czech) tied with the SmartKat (Austrian). There is also a Ducky 15, 17, or 19 from the Ukraine and the Prostar from Russia. I opted for the SmartKat as it has the best performance for its size, has less than a 10 m2 sail which is important because in Hungary you need a sailing license to operate a sailboat with a sail larger than 10 m2. I would have just gone for a real rigid catamaran such as a Prindle 18 or Hobie 18, or the Tornado Olympic spec boats BUT here on Lake Balaton you must purchase a slip fee on an annual basis which runs a bit over $6K a year and still you need to pay to pull the boat for winter storage. Anyway, the SmartKat packs down into 2 bags each weighing 21 Kg and has an assembly/disassembly time of 30 minutes which makes it more or less practical enough. Actually, it takes about that much time to rig a Hobie for sailing so you have to spend that time no matter what boat you use. I can launch it from any swimming beach and there are a few that are still free nearby. I also had to run out and find a life vest which is mandatory for all boaters on the lake. I tested it out on Saturday at home to practice assembling it and also put it into out swimming pool to see if I can get on and off this thing in the water. I am glad I tried that at home first as it is a real struggle to get back on so I also purchased locally a rope ladder. The other advantage is this boat can be taken in the car anywhere and we are near enough to the Mediterranean on the Croatian coast, Greece, Turkey and the Black Sea to take it along and have a bit of fun. It is also rated for Category C and D which means it can sail on open water up to Beaufort level 6. It is capable of floating 750 Kg so is rated for 4 passengers although I suspect it will be awfully slow at that speed. I also purchased the trapeze kit so I can fly one pontoon easily and still maintain my balance on the boat while standing. I am hoping to get it out on the lake tomorrow so more to come.
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Thursday, 10 May 2012
You Rock Guitar
I want to share with everyone my experience with the You Rock Guitar http://www.yourockguitar.com/ This device is a Midi interface or stand alone guitar which works nearly perfectly. I use it in conjunction with software synthesizers and my favorite is the East/West Gypsy. The YRG has a tap mode where you can play all notes just by touch alone. That isn't as easy as it sounds and the YRG is a bit tweaky getting the sensitivity set correctly, particularly the string tension (actually metal wire that is tensioned correctly). But, once it is set up it is great. One nice thing is that there is a mini-USB connector which is used to upload and download and additionally serves as the Midi interface. That normally works perfectly but in my case, the USB fell off due to a poor soldering job at the factory. I wrote them and got pretty much nothing in return as it was more than 1 years old so I decided to manually re-solder the mini-USB back onto the interface circuit board. Having nothing here except a butane fired gas soldering iron I was able to do it correctly and it worked finr for a couple of weeks. But now it is wonky again, probably due to a broken solder weld again,. This is a poorly designed part as it is a high stress port given most people will play using the USB Midi function which means a cord is permanently attached to the USB port and playing is a bit stressful on the soldered junction for such a small part. Anyway, today I received an email (after 6 weeks) from YRG that they will ship me a new interface port free of charge. That is great customer service and I am very happy that they decided to help me. My next move was to solder on a new cable instead of the miniport which would be a lot stronger and perhaps easier in the long run. If the new board fails that is what I will do. I have been playing a lot with the YRG and in particular I have been dabbling with Rimsky-Korsikov's Scheherazade and using the East/West Gypsy synthesizer it is awesome!!! East/West makes some great software but unfortunately requires an iLok device to function. That would have been very expensive for me here in Hungary but I got one from China for $6 and it works fine. The software was 1/2 price and I got that here as well without paying customs so it was a great bargain for a wonderful, if overpriced, piece of software. I can't praise both the YRG and the Gypsy software enough.
I want to share with everyone my experience with the You Rock Guitar http://www.yourockguitar.com/ This device is a Midi interface or stand alone guitar which works nearly perfectly. I use it in conjunction with software synthesizers and my favorite is the East/West Gypsy. The YRG has a tap mode where you can play all notes just by touch alone. That isn't as easy as it sounds and the YRG is a bit tweaky getting the sensitivity set correctly, particularly the string tension (actually metal wire that is tensioned correctly). But, once it is set up it is great. One nice thing is that there is a mini-USB connector which is used to upload and download and additionally serves as the Midi interface. That normally works perfectly but in my case, the USB fell off due to a poor soldering job at the factory. I wrote them and got pretty much nothing in return as it was more than 1 years old so I decided to manually re-solder the mini-USB back onto the interface circuit board. Having nothing here except a butane fired gas soldering iron I was able to do it correctly and it worked finr for a couple of weeks. But now it is wonky again, probably due to a broken solder weld again,. This is a poorly designed part as it is a high stress port given most people will play using the USB Midi function which means a cord is permanently attached to the USB port and playing is a bit stressful on the soldered junction for such a small part. Anyway, today I received an email (after 6 weeks) from YRG that they will ship me a new interface port free of charge. That is great customer service and I am very happy that they decided to help me. My next move was to solder on a new cable instead of the miniport which would be a lot stronger and perhaps easier in the long run. If the new board fails that is what I will do. I have been playing a lot with the YRG and in particular I have been dabbling with Rimsky-Korsikov's Scheherazade and using the East/West Gypsy synthesizer it is awesome!!! East/West makes some great software but unfortunately requires an iLok device to function. That would have been very expensive for me here in Hungary but I got one from China for $6 and it works fine. The software was 1/2 price and I got that here as well without paying customs so it was a great bargain for a wonderful, if overpriced, piece of software. I can't praise both the YRG and the Gypsy software enough.
Today I have decided to start a blog about being an American living overseas in Hungary. First off let me describe myself to you. I am 58 and retired US Army microbiologist. I served 28 years of active duty from 1971 to 1999 after which I retired but stayed in my research position as first a contractor and later a GS-15. My wife Luba and I decided to retire early and move to Europe and after a lot of searching we decided on Hungary as the ideal place to retire. We don't regret that decision at all and have a wonderful life here.
As with anything there were trials and tribulations and I'll try and describe in detail our experiences in subsequent posts. But first let me explain why I decided to go it alone as an independent blog. I had previously been fairly active on the FIRE website but was repeatedly getting in trouble for posting what was considered political discussions which are forbidden on that site. I don't know how anyone can discuss retiring overseas or experiences working for the US government without discussion some aspects of politics. Anyway, writing my own blog I can say what I want and not worry about getting into particular trouble with the possible exception of my own government who may decide that this blog may be anti-American. That in itself is now grounds for assassination according to our President. Hopefully, that doesn't happen but clearly being vocal against US policies has some risk to it. If it sounds like I am harshly over-critical then it isn't meant to be. I am merely trying to present an honest opinion based upon my perceptions. However, that said I do believe there are an awful lot of things with the US, particularly after 9/11 which I do not like and may be perceived to be overly critical. Yes, I am critical but I do not believe it is unjustified. I would like very much to see America return to the values and concepts which formed the basis for the nation from the beginning and not some bizarre vestige of Nazi Germany which it has become today. I will save that diatribe for a subsequent post.
First, let me describe our circumstances here in Hungary. We live on the North shore of Lake Balaton in Balatonfured in a beautiful home we purchased for cash. This is arguably, the best place to live in Hungary and certainly we enjoy all the wonderful aspects and entertainment which is available here. The city (town?) is itself picturesque and has a vibrant tourism based economy. The lake enjoys a great deal of tourism and many people have purchased vacation homes here. Originally, it was popular with Germans who were able to meet here from both sides of the East/West German border. Also, Austrians enjoy the lake as well and we are only 2.5 hours from Vienna. But, the majority of tourists come from Budapest. There is a lot to see and do here which I will also go into later. For now this is who we are and I'll be posting more to flesh out what I have started here.
As with anything there were trials and tribulations and I'll try and describe in detail our experiences in subsequent posts. But first let me explain why I decided to go it alone as an independent blog. I had previously been fairly active on the FIRE website but was repeatedly getting in trouble for posting what was considered political discussions which are forbidden on that site. I don't know how anyone can discuss retiring overseas or experiences working for the US government without discussion some aspects of politics. Anyway, writing my own blog I can say what I want and not worry about getting into particular trouble with the possible exception of my own government who may decide that this blog may be anti-American. That in itself is now grounds for assassination according to our President. Hopefully, that doesn't happen but clearly being vocal against US policies has some risk to it. If it sounds like I am harshly over-critical then it isn't meant to be. I am merely trying to present an honest opinion based upon my perceptions. However, that said I do believe there are an awful lot of things with the US, particularly after 9/11 which I do not like and may be perceived to be overly critical. Yes, I am critical but I do not believe it is unjustified. I would like very much to see America return to the values and concepts which formed the basis for the nation from the beginning and not some bizarre vestige of Nazi Germany which it has become today. I will save that diatribe for a subsequent post.
First, let me describe our circumstances here in Hungary. We live on the North shore of Lake Balaton in Balatonfured in a beautiful home we purchased for cash. This is arguably, the best place to live in Hungary and certainly we enjoy all the wonderful aspects and entertainment which is available here. The city (town?) is itself picturesque and has a vibrant tourism based economy. The lake enjoys a great deal of tourism and many people have purchased vacation homes here. Originally, it was popular with Germans who were able to meet here from both sides of the East/West German border. Also, Austrians enjoy the lake as well and we are only 2.5 hours from Vienna. But, the majority of tourists come from Budapest. There is a lot to see and do here which I will also go into later. For now this is who we are and I'll be posting more to flesh out what I have started here.
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